Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
PDA is seen most often in premature babies and in girls. In utero much of the fetal blood flows through the ductus arteriosis, from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs because they are not yet in use. The ductus arteriosis should close soon after birth, establishing a normal blood flow.
This is when ductus arteriosis fails to close after birth, or reopens due to hypoxia. Blood continues to flow from the higher pressure of the aorta into the pulmonary artery with oxygenated blood recycled back to the lungs. This causes an overload of pulmonary circulation and an increased workload for the heart. |
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
This is done through an echocardiogram |
Treatment
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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
ASD is an abnormal opening between the left and the right atria. Oxygenated blood from the left atrium is forced back to the right atrium in what is called a left to right shunt.
Diagnosis:
A definitive diagnosis is confirmed by cardiac catheterization, ECG, and echocardiogram. |
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
VSD is the most common congenital heart defect, in which there is an abnormal opening between the right and the left ventricles. Blood is then forced from the left ventricle back into the right ventricle, also called a left to right shunt.
Diagnosis
An echocardiogram is used to make a definite diagnosis, although other tests may be performed. |
Signs and Symptoms
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Treatment/Management
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References
Imran, M., Atiq, M., Haq, F., Jalil, F., Hashmi, S., Jumani, M., . . . Irfan, F. (2011). Risk factors predisposing to congenital heart defects. Annals of Pediatric Cardiology, 4(2), 117-121. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.84641
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/basics/definition/con-20027034
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001099.htm
http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html
Photo/Video Credits
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OizGCnnIMxs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzKJ_chafEU
http://www.vin.com/ImageDBPub/VP05000/IMG02768.GIF
http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@private/@hcm/documents/image/ucm_307336.jpg
Imran, M., Atiq, M., Haq, F., Jalil, F., Hashmi, S., Jumani, M., . . . Irfan, F. (2011). Risk factors predisposing to congenital heart defects. Annals of Pediatric Cardiology, 4(2), 117-121. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.84641
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/basics/definition/con-20027034
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001099.htm
http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html
Photo/Video Credits
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OizGCnnIMxs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzKJ_chafEU
http://www.vin.com/ImageDBPub/VP05000/IMG02768.GIF
http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@private/@hcm/documents/image/ucm_307336.jpg