Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aortic arch or descending aorta, characterized by a significant difference in blood pressure and oxygen saturation between the upper and lower extremities. Proximally, or before the defect, there is an increased pressure with decreased pressure distally.
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Tetralogy of Fallot
This is the combination of four heart defects that interfere with the blood flow to the lungs. The four defects include:
Complications
It is also important to include prompt, aggressive treatment of infections. Treatment/Management
Goal of treatment is to increase pulmonary blood flow and decrease hypoxia.
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Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
This is found with an Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and cardiac catheterization. |
Transposition of the Great Arteries
In this condition the two major arteries leaving the heart are transposed, with the aorta arising from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle. This defect is incompatible with life unless there is some connection between the right and left sides of the heart such as a VSD. This is usually detected within the first hours to weeks of life.
Signs and Symptoms
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Diagnosis
One or more of the following tests are necessary for an accurate diagnosis: echocardiogram, Chest X-ray, ECG, or cardiac catheterization.
One or more of the following tests are necessary for an accurate diagnosis: echocardiogram, Chest X-ray, ECG, or cardiac catheterization.
Treatment
- Emergency atrial septostomy: This procedure is done using cardiac catheterization rather than surgery. It enlarges a natural connection between the hearts upper chambers (atria) and allows for the oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix and results in improved oxygen delivery to baby's body
- Arterial switch operation: This is the surgery most often used. Performed within the first month of life. In this operation the pulmonary artery and aorta are moved to their normal positions. The pulmonary artery to the right ventricle, and the aorta to the left ventricle. The coronary arteries are also reattached to the aorta
- Atrial switch operation: In this surgery the surgeon makes a tunnel (baffle) between the heart's two upper chambers (atria). This is to divert the oxygen-poor blood to the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery and the oxygen-rich blood to the right ventricle and aorta. Post complications can include irregular heart beats, baffle obstructions or leaks, and heart failure due to problems with right ventricle function
Arterial Switch Operation: |
In preparation for surgery:
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References
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/tof/treatment
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tof/
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/basics/definition/con-20043232
http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/en/resourcecentres/congenitalheartconditions/treatmentofcongenitalheartconditions/surgicalcorrectionofcongenitalheartdefects/pages/blalock-taussig-bt-shunts.aspx
Photo/Video Credits
http://mykentuckyheart.com/images/pictures/coarctationoftheAorta.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiNJfvK_qeI
http://www.wecareindia.com/images/inner/heart-surgery/pediatric-tetralogy-of-fallot-tof-surgery-1.jpg
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18134.jpg
http://www.uofmmedicalcenter.org/fv/groups/public/documents/images/107930.jpg
http://www.drugs.com/mcd/images/image_popup/DS00733%20mcdc7_transpositionthu_jpg.png
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYEo5z0hajM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OizGCnnIMxs
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/tof/treatment
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tof/
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/basics/definition/con-20043232
http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/en/resourcecentres/congenitalheartconditions/treatmentofcongenitalheartconditions/surgicalcorrectionofcongenitalheartdefects/pages/blalock-taussig-bt-shunts.aspx
Photo/Video Credits
http://mykentuckyheart.com/images/pictures/coarctationoftheAorta.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiNJfvK_qeI
http://www.wecareindia.com/images/inner/heart-surgery/pediatric-tetralogy-of-fallot-tof-surgery-1.jpg
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18134.jpg
http://www.uofmmedicalcenter.org/fv/groups/public/documents/images/107930.jpg
http://www.drugs.com/mcd/images/image_popup/DS00733%20mcdc7_transpositionthu_jpg.png
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYEo5z0hajM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OizGCnnIMxs